VOCATIONAL EDUCATION UAR ANG U

 

Published on Vanglaini 3 May 2023

Vocational Education (VE) chungchang leh a pawimawhna hi ram changkang leh hmasawnna lama thang mek ram te-ah enge a dinhmun tiin Mr Google kan keu ve a, ziak a lo tam hle mai a. Chutihrualin Zotawnga ziak chhiar tur erawh a tam lem lo viau a. Ngaih pawimawhna chang hre turin kan la changkang tawk lo emaw a hlutna kan la hrethiam tawk lo deuh te pawh a ni mah na le. Mahni tawn hriat leh educational institution lian te thuziak rawn chung leh miin eng ang takin nge an kalpui tih te thlir chungin VE chungchang tlem kan thailang ve dawn a ni.

Vocational Education hi sawifiah dan mawlmang berah chuan hriatna (knowledge) leh thiamna (skills) nena thawh ngai thawh dan inzirtirna; chhawr tlaka hna leh eizawnna hnathawh dan inzirtirna tiin a sawi theih bawk ang. Ram industry hmasawnnain thawhtur a neih mila kut themthiam inzirtirna; a thu ringawt ni lo, kut leh ke leh hriatna hmanga hlawk leh tha zawka thawh ngai te thawk thei tura inzirtirna a ni. Hun vawn dik dan te, midang nena thawhho dan te, midang biangbiak leh kawm thiamna te, mahni invawn thianghlimna te leh kan thawh tur kaihnawiha hriat ngai te inzirtirna thlengin VE hian huam vek a ni.

Khawvela mihring tam uchuakna rama cheng kan ni a. A tam zawk hi thawh tur hre lo, mahni theihna zawng pawh hre fumfe lo kan ni a; kut themthiamna lam (VE) aia zirna pangai (General Education) uarna hmuna cheng kan ni miau a. Chhawrtlak tak tak si loh BA, MA, B.Tech., etc. hna nei lo pawh kum tinin kan pung thur thur zel a. Thawk thei tura ngaih leh thawk thiam te inkar khi a zau em em mai a ni. Mihring chhawrtlak kan tlem miau chuan ram hmasawnna pawhin a tuar lo thei lo va. Thawk thei ngawr ngawr aiin thawk thiam hian an thawk chak zawk a. Mihring kan pung chak si a, zir sang chhawr tlak loh tam thur thur ai chuan thawk thiam leh thei tam hi a pawimawh a ni tih hriain Buai hma daih 1952 khan thawk thei leh thawk thiam nghal tura inzirtirna VE hi sorkar laipui chuan NCVT (National Council of Vocational Training) tiin a lokal pui tan tawh a. 1959-a NVTS (National Vocational Training Scheme) te, 1976-a DGET (Directorate General of Employment Training) te, 1986-a Vocationalisation of Secondary Education (VSE) te leh 2013-a National Skill Development Mission te hi an lokal pui tawh a. A thil tum ber chu industry hrang hranga chhawrtlak tura zirtirna pek te, thawk thei tura ngaih leh thawk thiam tak tak te inkar zau lutuk tih zim te, mi hnuaihnung zawk te chawikan, entrepreneurship lam uar tura inzirtir leh ram hmasawn nana thawhchhuah tam zawk mimal tinin kan neih theihna tura VE hmanga hmalak te a ni.

VE hi ram changkang chho ve bek bek aiin ram changkang tawh (developed countries)ah an kalpui nasa zawk a. A chhan pawh hnathawk thei tura ngaih (BA, MA satliah) aiin thawk thiam mamawhna a sang zawk tlat a ni. A thawk thiamin an thawh chuan thawhchhuah a tam nge nge tih hi an hrechiang em em mai a ni. Ramchang kang tawha kan ngaih thenkhata Vocational Education enrollment percentage tlem lo tarlang ve ila. USA-ah khuan chawhrualin General Education enrollment 70% niin 30% VE enrollment an tling a, Japan-ah 35% VE Enrollment, UK-ah 28%, Germany-ah 52%, South Korea-ah 45%, France-ah 33%, Switzerland-ah 70% a ni. Hmasawnna lama kan el em em China chuan 58% ngawt VE enrollment a neih laiin keini India 3.3% lek VE enrollment kan nei a ni. Vocational Institution ngah lamah pawh China hi kan khan lo hle a, 27,000 ngawt an neih laiin keini chuan China neih zahve pel awrhin 14,648 vel kan nei a ni.

Hmasawnna thang duang tur chuan sawt taka hnathawk thei leh thawk thiam tam hi a pawimawh em em mai a. Thawk thiam leh thei tura kan inchherna pawimawh ber chu VE hi a ni. Retheihna tihtlemna hmanrua, hna hmu lo (unemployed) leh chhawrtlak loh (underemployed) kan tihtlemna hmanrua ber chu VE hi a ni a. VE pawimawhna nasa taka vawrh lartu Padma Shri Dr. Koshy chuan VE kan ngaih pawimawh hunah chauh Zirna quality kan siamtha thei ang tiin a sawi a. Indian Scientist lar Dr. R.A. Mashelkar pawh khan thil thar hmuchhuak thei tur leh ram hmasawntir thei tur chuan VE kan uar a pawimawh thu a lo sawi bawk a. Biocon hotu, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw te, Anand Mahindra te leh Dr. K.K. Narayanan te hi India rama VE pawimawhna chungchanga thawm lian tak tak nei te an ni bawk. Billionare entrepreneur hlawhtling Elon Musk hi VE pawimawhna uar taka sawi thintu a ni a.  Kum 2017-a Rolling Magazine-in an interview khan ‘electricians, mechanics, welders, machinists kan tam tawk lo va, indopui pahnihna hnu lawka piang te an kut a chawl tan tawh a. Hnathawk thiam (skilled labours) indaihlohna US leh Europe-ah a nasa chho hle a, General Education-a college kal kher hi a tulna a awm lo va, Vocational Schools tam zawk kan neih a pawimawh hle a ni,’ tiin a sawi a. A sawi mai duh tawk lovin Musk Foundation kal tlangin Vocational Education hi a kalpui bawk a ni. Khawvel huapa pa hausa leh lar bawk Facebook neitupa Mark Zuckerberg te, Microsoft founder Bill Gates te pawh hian VE pawimawhzia hi an lo auchhuahpui fo tawh a. Sum pawh tam tham tak an invest bawk a ni. Apple Co-founder Steve Job kha college kal tluan lo (drop-out) a ni a. A mimal tui zawng tak calligraphy trade (VE) a zir avanga Macintosh Computer a design chhuah thu leh a hnua product design thlenga influence tu a nih thu uar takin 2005 khan Stanford University zirlai te hmaah a lo sawi a ni. Mihring hmantlak inchher nana khawvel huapa mi ngaihsanawm leh hlawhtling tak tak te pawhina an tuipui leh pawimawh an tih chu VE hi a ni tih kan hrethiam mai awm e.

Kan VE institution leh VE zirtirna kalpuina tam zawk te a nih tur angin kan kalpui lo nasa hle a. Chhan hrang hrang a awm thei ang. General Education kan ngai ropui lutuk te, sorkar hna lâk leh mimal hna lakah General Education degree lam kan la awn nasat vang te, General Education nena VE kan kalkawp tir thiam loh vang te, VE kalpui nana tul facility leh infrastructre hrang hrang te kan ngaih pawimawh tawk loh vang leh tlakchham vang te, General Education anga kalpui a nih chiah loh vang te, Fund duh khawp hmuh loh vang te etc. a ni thei ang.

VE hi a tam zawk chuan chhehchhawl (second class option) ang deuhvin kan hmu tlat mai bawk a. Hei vang hian a zirtu tur zirlai rilruah chhawrtlaka inchherchhuahna tha tak a nihna kan hmuh kan tir tlat a ni. General Education kan lak vung em avangin a pawimawhna hi kan hmuh kan fo a ni. Hei hi sorkar laipui pawhin a hriatchian em avangin National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) kal tlangin campaign hrang hrang Skill India Campaign tih te pawh an kalpui fo reng a. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) tih te, National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) te, Skill Loan Scheme te, Sector Skill Councils, etc. kalpui a ni a. Heng campaign hrang hrang te hi a tam zawk chuan a awm tih pawh kan hre lo mai thei. Kan ngaihsak lo hle tih hi a dik a. Germany Education ang deuh khuan Dual Education System angin kalpui ni ta se, a sawt zawk mai thei.

Quality taka VE kalpui tur chuan facility leh infrastructure ṭha neih a pawimawh em em a. Hemi atan hian Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship lam pawhin nasa takin hma an la teh meuh mai a. Maherawh chu hetiang lam chawilarna a tam tawk loh vang te, a nihna tur taka fund kan hmuh ang ang te hman kan la harsat avang tein hmasawnna langsar hmuh tur a tlem hle a. A thawktu lamah pawh a tui tak zet te hian enkawl ta se, Workshop leh Lab lamah pawh hmasawn zawka kal theih dan hi a awm em emin a rinawm a. State sorkar ang pawhin Industry linkage, Government linkage mumal taka ngaihtuah theih ni se tun ai hian kan sawt pui zawkin a rinawm a. VE Trade leh Syllabus tha tak tak Central lamin an duan te hi kan state chhunga mimal leh sorkar hna awm hrang hrang ngaihtuah chungin thuneitute hian thlang chhuakin a zirtirtu tur lamah pawh zir sang satliah ringawt lo deuh, tawnhriat nei leh thiam, tui tak tak te hi thlanchhuah an harsat a rinawm loh va, a hna leh hlawh pawh hi tun aia stable leh chhungkaw nghahfak tling zawk turin ruahmanna siam thei se, a duhawm hle ang.