VSK PORTAL hi tupa ngaihtuah chhuah nge maw ni reng reng le? Bihchianna

Tunlai hian Mizorama sorkar leh private Sikul zawng zawngin VSK portal-ah kan sikul data hrang hrang, sikul information & activities, zirlai leh zirtirtu data te thun tumin kan buaipui luih luih mai a. Sorkar lam hotute hian a hman danah te training pawh huaihawt lem lovin Video Tutorial leh PDF manual file vel share kualin mahnia inzirchawp mai turin min ti a. Hei vang hian buai fe fe pawh kan tam hle a ni. Portal whatsapp group velah pawh training hmasa lova inzirchawpa hmang mai thei tura sorkarin sikul te min phut hi hriatthiam har ti fe fe an tam hle. Portal thil tum leh awmzia zawng zawng kan sawi dawn chuan chhiar ninawm ni thei dawna ka hriat avangin heti tak maia sorkarin min hman tir chuk chuk thil, VSK portal hi portal puitling leh hmantlak, computer tlem khawih thiam tan, training ngai lova hman mai theih a lo ni reng em, tih hi bihchianna ni pah fawmin ziah ve zuai zuai thain ka hria a. Mipui vantlang hriatthiam tawk tura technical lo thei ang bera ziah thiam a chakawm viau mai a. A lo technical deuh a nih pawhin chhiartute hriatthiamna ka ngen nghal e. 

A hmasa berin he VSK portal siamtute (developers) hian mipuiin tangkai taka kan hman theih nan theihtawp chhuahin an bei ve a, chuvangin he bihchianna hian an hnathawh hi ar chuk tui lo anga chhuah a tum reng reng lo va. Kan tum ber chu he bihchianna hmang hian portal tha zawk leh rintlak, a hmangtute tan pawha buaina awm lo thei ang ber tur leh sikul zawng zawng tan chhawrnahawm zawk a lo nih theih nana fakselnaah a ni ber. Portal siamtute'n Video tutorial leh PDF manual an dah te hi software develop tu tam takin an tihtheih loh leh kimchang bawk si a nih avangin fak an phu hle ka ti a. Training a awm loh bawk avangin kan tangkaipui tlang hlawm hle tih pawh a hriattheih a ni. Chutihrualin Video tutorial tha leh PDF document ringawt hian Software Functionality leh Design lama harsatna a tihtlem phah chuang lo erawh a pawi khawp mai. 

Hmuhnuam leh hman nuam (Interface & User Experience)

Software chu hmuhnuam leh hman nuam a nih hi a pawimawh hle a. Hetiang lama VSK portal tlakchham hrang hrang te kan tarlang ang.

(a)  Pagination, Filter & Search: Data reng reng hi hmun khata list chhuah pup pup hi software-ah chuan tihdan phung tha lo ber pawl a ni a. Entirnan hmunkhata zirlai zawng zawng list chhuah tawp te hi. A zawnawlna(search) leh thlitfimna (filter) a awm loh phei chuan a tha lo leh zual a ni. A that lohna lang sar ber chu a muang lo thei lo va. Internet neih that loh phei chuan a hmangtu lam tan harsatna nasa tak a siam a. A chak loh dan hi a hmangtu lamah chauh a ni lo va, a application an dahna khawl (server) pawh a han timuang vek a ni. Chuvangin Application pangai chinah chuan a phek te te-in (Pagination) thil an dahchhuak thin a. A phek number an dahtel loh pawhin First page, Next, Previous, Last Page button te hi an dahtel zel thin a ni. Entirnan Zirlai list te pawh phek khatah zirlai 10, 20, 50, etc. angin an dahchhuak thin a ni. Hmunkhatah list dahchhuah vek a nih hian a hmangtu browser nasa takin a timuang thei a. RAM lian nei lo tan phei chuan an browser te pawh a crash phah thei a, bandwidth a heh hle bawk a ni. 

(b) Poor User Experience: Pagination a awm loh chuan information kan duh tak va zawn leh endik vel te a buaithlak thei hle a. Mouse leh Keyboard hman zei vak lo tan phei chuan Search Box awm mah se a harsa em em tho a ni. Phek khata thil dah teuh hi hmuh a hreawm ve hranpa hrim hrim bawk a.  List thui tak tak scroll hi a nuam lo hle bawk a ni. Hei VSK tlakchham lian tak a ni. Tun dinhmunah data hi sikul tinin kan khung tan chauh a la ni a, data a tam tak tak hun phei chuan phun tur kan la tam khawpin a rinawm a ni. An system hman atanga a lan dan chuan SQL database an hmang tih kan hre thei a. Tun atang pawh hian a performance chak tawk tawh loh zia thenkhat chuan kan hre thei ang.  Database load hi a san viau chuan buaina lian zawk pawh lo awm thei a ni bawk.

Portal-a List thenkhat Pagination awm lohna te chu:

1.                  https://vskmizoram.com/report/tms_tch_regist

2.                  https://vskmizoram.com/tchmgmt/tch_mgmt

3.                  https://vskmizoram.com/tchmgmt/tch_dropbox

4.                  https://vskmizoram.com/report/search_teacher (this is quite heavy)

5.                  https://vskmizoram.com/report/tch_recruit_status (Navigation is lost)

6.                  https://vskmizoram.com/tchmgmt/tch_leav_mgmt

7.                  https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/ict_sch

8.                  https://vskmizoram.com/report/tch_school_list

9.                  https://vskmizoram.com/report/tms_tch_regist

10.              https://vskmizoram.com/report/stud_list.php

Heng kan tarlan bakah hian class leh section vel an dahna thenkhatah hian Pagination a awm lo bawk a ni. A nihna takah chuan a VSK Portal pumah hian Pagination, filter leh search te hi an dah lo tawp te pawh a ni mai thei.

Pagination functionality hi dah tumna a awm chuan Frontend (A hmangtu lamin kan hmuh theih) leh Backend (Database lama Frontend mila query limit an siamna) lamah dah ve ve ngei ngei tur a ni bawk a. FrontEnd chauha daha Backend lama a awm chuan si lo chuan a fuh thei tak tak chuang lo. A awm kawp a ngai a ni ber.

A Portal siamtute hian Design leh User-Experience-ah tuina leh a hmangtu ngaihtuahna (Taste) an nei lo tawp emaw tih mai turin a portal design leh kalkualna (Menu/Navigation) vel hi a buarchuar a. Tunlaiah chuan Application landan design-na hmanrua tha tak tak (CSS Framework) te awm tawh a, chutihlaia hetianga mawi lo leh hmuh hreawm taka a UI an chhuah ta mai hi hriatthiam a har hle mai. A bikin Web Application hmel design-na tawng ber CSS phei hi chuan Programmer ni kher lo pawhin a mawihnai ve pangai leh Device hrang hranga a landan dik thlap tura siam hi chu an thei vek mai si a. A mak a ni. Chumai la ni lo va, ngaihtuah tikal thui em em turin a main menu ber design code te hi Internet-a mi copy tawp a ang ka ti hle mai a. A hnuaia link te hi lo en ila:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67346420/how-to-subnav-subnav

https://www.sitepoint.com/community/t/changing-text-alignment-on-a-dropdown-menu/358304.

A main menu ber hi a chunga linka mi direct copy tawp emaw, adaptation te pawh a ang khawp mai a. Hei hian plagiarism ringawt lam a khawih lo va. A siamtu lamah engmah design leh mahni kutchhuaka thil han tihtumna hrim hrim a lang lo bawk a ni. Beginner tutorials vel atanga ERP siam kan tum chuan professionalism a awm lo hle tihna a ni phawt mai. Kan sawi tawh angin tuna VSK Main menu-ah hi chuan professionalism a lang lo tak zet. Modern Web Design kalphung a bawhchhe nasa hle a. Device hrang hrang, a te leh a liana en theih (Responsive Design) a ni lo leh zel te,  drop down menu a hman te hi a bikin phone atang te hian khawih hleih theih a ni lo va, a tha lo tak zet a ni.

(c) Form Design & Functionality: A portal puma thil dahluhna leh editna (form) zawng zawng te hi a landan bakah a functionality (a hnathawh theihna) hrim hrim hi siamthat ngai vek a ni mai hi a ropui lo hle. Form te hi HTML table hmangin an dah mai mai a. Hei vang hian responsive design-ah chuan a hmantlak loh a, screen size hrang hrangah dik ngaihna a awm lo nghal a ni. Form nalh leh khawih nuam tak tak awlsam taka design-na Modern CSS framework tam tak zingah hman nuam bik Boostrap te Tailwind CSS te a awm a. Hetiang framework hi hmang ta se, developer anga an hnathawh pawh a zangkhai sawt ang a, heng ho hian frontend validation plugins leh feature tha tak tak an la ni zui bawk a. Ngatinge le? Form design-ah hian keini Indian ho hian kan hrat deuh emaw ka tih thin pakhat chu date hi database-a a awm dan ang anga form editna vela dahchhuah hi a ni. Database mysql te angah chuan date hi yyyy-mm-dd format-in dah thin a ni a. Tuna kan VSK portal-ah pawh hian database-a an dah ang angin form editna velah hian date hi an rawn dahchhuak a. A thunna lamah chuan dd/mm/yyyy format-in a awm leh lawi a, hmuhsual a awl a, format pakhat dd/mm/yyyy ang hian a portal pumah hian hman ni mai se a tha tur. Database-a mi ang raw date-a dah chu thuhran dahdan in ang lo nuai hi a professional loh bakah tihdan tha lo (bad practice) dik tak a ni. Date of Birth field-a manual typing theih loh te pawh hi a tha lo hle a ni. Computer thil, hnathawh tiawlsam tu tur a nih laiin handwriting pawh a pha lo tlat. UDISE portal-a an tihdan te kha entawn se a tha viau ang. Tin Date hrim hrim hi a khawihna javascript Library tha tak tak a awm a. Nichina kan sawi tak Bootstrap bakah Moment.js te hi a thlawna hman theih vek an ni.

Tuna VSK portal-a form design kalphung tha lo ka tih leh em em pakhat chu accessibility leh label an pe lo leh dik lo te hi a ngaihmawhawm hle a ni. Label hi forma kan pek dik thlap a, form tab indexing kan tih thlap hian a hmangtu tan a nuam bik em em a ni. Entirnan Label "Name of Student" kha a hawrawp i click khan a input-ah chhut theihin cursor a lut nghal tur a ni. Feature dang awm lo leh chu autocomplete leh autofocus te hi a ni a. Autocomplete hi data thenkhatah chuan off ngei ngei hi a tha a ni. Heng bakah hian form validation hi browser ken tel bak a hranpain siam em em a awm lo bawk a, a zia lo hle. Browser-in form validation a neihsa te hi chu professional pangai chuan an hmang ngai meuh lo va, hman chiah pawh an ngai lo a ni ber. Chuvangin Bootstrap validation emaw Parsley.js te tal hi hman ni se tha tur. Hei lo pawh a thlawna hman theih a tam. Professional pangai chuan Form Management Library nena tangkawpin browser storage hmangin form data temporary-a savena an dahtel tlangpui a. Chhut tawhsa browser close palh vanga bo te; current awm loh vanga computer thihthut palh pawhin an chhutsa a bo ve lo va, hetiang tal hi chu Mizoram pum huap thilah chuan kan phu ve a sin le.

An rawn release tirh khan link eng pawh mai kan click khan tab tharah a inhawng zel mai a. Computer RAM lian pui pui nei pha ve lo ta chu kan va phun a, an rawn siam tha a, a lawmawm khawp mai. Mahse a chunga kan sawi bak thil dang kan han thlek kual vel hian lungawina lunghnurnain a chhunzawm leh a ni ringawt mai. A application hian tunlai design approach SPA (Single Page Application) a hmang lo hrim hrim mai a. Link kan click apiang khan page pum kan hawng thar ziah ang a la ni tho a ni. Kan hre theuh ang a, facebook te hi Single Page Design Approach hmang chu a ni a. A chhunga link eng pawh hi click ila, full page reload a awm lo vek a ni. Hei hi a tulna em em chu full page reload hian bandwidth kan heh bakah net muangah a buaithlak bik em em a. SPA-ah chuan assets ngai te a hranin a load tawh ngai lo va. Browser cache te a hmang tangkai net a muan chang pawhin a tha bik em em a ni. Net chak loh lai phei chuan full page reload hian assets thenkhat a load kim lo thei bawk a. Menu thenkhat leh portal functionality thenkhat te a tihbuai phah thei bawk a ni. SPA approach ah chuan kan data mamawh chauh kha page-ah load zel a ni. Design leh UI-ah ka sawi bak pawh hi a la tam mai a. Mahse a thui deuh dawn avangin awm ngei ngei tura ngaihsa ang deuh chauh ka rawn tarlang a ni. Security lam thil en leh ang.

Security Concern

Tunlaiah chuan mitin mai hi privacy leh security lamah kan bengvar (aware) tlang hlawm hle tawh a. Social media leh messaging group leh channel velah pawh a tha lo zawnga digital footprint hnutchhiah duh lo kan tam tawh khawpin ka hria. Hetiang karah hian kan VSK portal chuan web development-a tihdan tha lo tak directory listing hi an siam dik lo hi a ni. VSK portal hi APACHE server hmangin PHP leh Mysql language hmanga siam a ni a. An application folder (directory) leh files remdan hi tu pawh hmuh theihin an phochhuak a. Hei hi tih miah loh tur a ni a. Server configuration hman thiam loh vang emaw theihnghilh vang te pawhin tiang hi a thleng ve fo va. A that lohna ber chu Hacker te'n awlsam taka hack nan code files leh folders information hi an hmang thei tlat a ni. Tihsual or inthlahdah vangin database configuration te leh backup file te hacker hian an lo download thei bawk a ni. Attacker thiam fal deuh te phei chuan awlsam takin an code file te kha lo thlakin a dangin an thlak thei a. Hetianga files leh directory lang tuara an dah reng chuan a him lo hle a ni. A professional loh thlak hle. A hnuaiah hian Directory Listing an off-na tur lai leh an off dan tur te kan tarlang ve hrim hrim ang. Tin hei hi quick solution mai a ni a. A aia tha pawh a la awm thei bawk.

Directory Listing off-na tur lai link te chu:

1.   https://vskmizoram.com/report/

2.   https://vskmizoram.com/sms/

3.   https://vskmizoram.com/nr/

4.   https://vskmizoram.com/tms/

5.   https://vskmizoram.com/tchmgmt/

6.   https://vskmizoram.com/download/

VSK portal bik hi chuan Apache Server a hman avangin directory lanna laia file pakhat .htaccess siamin a chhungah a hnuaia thuziak hi dah tur a ni:

Options -Indexes 

Files leh folder te reng reng permission awmze neia pek vek tur a ni bawk. Tlema php file sensitive bik, database kaihnawih deuh te phei chu public folder atanga lakchhuaha a hran dah ngei ngei tur a ni bawk.

A chung lama kan sawi tawh ang khan Server Side a ni emaw Client Side lamah pawh VSK portal hian validation mumal tak a nei lo tawp mai a. Entirnan:

https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/water_sch

he linkah hian i luh chuan Javascript Error "You are not allowed to use this module" tih a lo lang a, Ok kan click chiah khan php code sawngbawl loh echo ""; tih hi a lo lang ang. Browser back button han click ila, "Confirm Form Resubmission" error (ERR_CACHE_MISS) tih a lo lang ang. Back Button click nawn fe hnuah atira kan click tannaah kan lut leh chauh ang. Heng te hi error handling fuh loh a ni a. Hacker hian kan error hmangin min hack thin a. Hei hi chinfel vat a tha hle a, a hmangyu tan pawh ninawm leh stressful deuh a ni a. Hetiang problem hi a awm nual a. Chungte chu a hnuaia link te:

1.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/dilap_sch

2.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/resiqtr_sch

3.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/electric_sch

4.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/majrep_sch

5.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/incin_sch

6.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/strength_sch

7.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/srsec_sch

8.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/ict_sch

9.      https://vskmizoram.com/nr/school/smartclass_sch

Heta tang pawh error handling that loh zia leh ngaihsak a hlawh loh zia a lang chiang viau awm e. 

Portal-a kan luh dawn hian kan login a ngai thin a. Kan login chiah khan kan login credentials a dik chuan Server khan session min lo siamsak thin a. VKS portal chuan php scripting language a hman avangin PHP session a siam dawn a ni. PHP hian built-in session a nei a. Mahse ERP ang software lian leh security duhtui ngai chiah chuan builtin session hi an hmang ngai meuh lo. VSK Portal chuan a hmang leh tlat mai a. Chumai a la ni lo, Session check nan javascript coding outdated tawh tak mai XMLHttpRequest hmang mauh mai a, tunlaiah chuan Javacript Lib emaw Fetch Api an hmang ber tawh a, a duhtui deuh te chuan JWT te an hmang zawk. Tin VSK portal coding style hrim hrim hi procedural coding style a ni a, mi hman duh tawh loh (outdated) a ni. Procedural Language hi tam takin an hman duh lohna chhan chu code duplication/repeated a tam vang te, maintain a buaithlak vang te leh extend leh customize te a buaithlak vang a ni. Tin industry standard a ni lo bawk. Industry standard-ah chuan code kha maintain awlsam, code functionality endikna neih (unit testing) leh extend theih, etc. a ni tur a ni. 

A that tawk lohna tarlan tur a thahnem viau mai a. Maherawh chu chhiar ninawm a nih loh nan leh a technical details lam deuh hlir an nih deuh tawh avangin kan ziak vek ta lo. A that tawk lohna tlema zawng kan han thailan atang pawh hian VSK portal hi Production Ready a ni lo tih chu tu pawhin kan hai lo awm e. Heti chung hian kan sorkar hotute hian min hman tir bawrh bawrh mai a, a code an fix pah reng bawk a. Kan thupuia zawhna khi whatsapp group lama member pakhat zawhna a ni a. A chhanna ka hre bik hauh lo mai. Mahse UDISE vanga lo piang ve deuh chu a ni phawtin a rinawm a. Developer ruai kual lo hian kan Aizawl khawpui chhungah ngei pawh tuna kan sawi zawng zawng te sawi ngai lo tura develop thei leh thiam startup firm M2Code te, Thingpui Software te, Lailen te, ICT department, etc. te pawh an awm ve a. Ngatinge a mipui chawkbuai zual zawng hian hetiang hian an kalpui mai le, tihte ngaihtuahnaah a awm a. Modi sorkar hnuaiah hian teaching bakah hian tihtur hi a tam em em mai a. Hetiang karah Application dik mang lo sikula thawk leh zirtirtute hman tir hi phurrit a tling tak meuh a, hotu lam te pawh hian a felfai zawk theih nan Developer te hi hun pe deuh se, kan sawi tak te tal hi siamthat ni se, a lawmawm hle ang. 

Kan ngaihhlut tur thil pathum: Ṭhalai Hawklâk te tan

Khawvel pang leh lama titi lengin kan nun chawp leh chilha a thlak danglam theihna leh kan Kristian nunin run leh beih a tawh nasat lai ber huna cheng mêk kan ṭhalai te tana nunpui loh atan uiawm ka tih em em mai te chu chhelna, hriatnaa tui halna leh tlawmngaihna nun neih te hi a ni. Teirei peihna leh kan hmaa chhuak eng pawh zirchianga hriatbelh zel tura inpuahchah te, leh mi te chunga thatchhuaha ngilneihna lantir te hi ṭhangthar ni mek leh ṭhang lo thar tur te pawhin nunpui ila; harsatna eng pawh hmachhawn thei turin kan chak tawk ang a, khawtlang, kohhran tana thawhhlawh tak kan ni ngei bawk ang. A bak lo liama hlawhtlinna a awm chuang dawn em ni?

A hmasa berin chhelna neih emaw teirei peihnain a kawh ber chu beiseina zawng zawng bo vek tawh hnua beiseina la neih hram hram, harsatna leh beidawnna inhnehtir loh a ni. Pakistan education activist, Malala Yousafzai khan hmeichhe naupang zirna hmasawnna tura a hmalakna hrang hrangah a nunna tana pawh hlauhawm khawpa beihna, diriamna leh cheksawlhna tinreng mai a tuar a. Mahse, a nunah chhelna leh beih hram hramna meichher chu a chhem nung reng a; kum 17 mi lek ni siin khawvela mi ropui bik te hnena an hlan ṭhin, chawimawina nopui Nobel Peace Prize hlan hial a ni. Awle, he Pakistan tleitiri nun aṭang hian chhelna (being tough) hian awih har khawpa thil ṭha leh ropui tak min lo pe thei reng mai a ni tih kan hrethiam awm e.

A dawt lehah chuan ṭhalai te hian tih tak meuhva inzir belh zel leh hriatna tihpun kawngah hma kan lâk a ngai hle a. He mi kawngah hi chuan Elon Musk hi entirna ṭha tak a ni awm e. A interview leh a thiltih reng rengah hian a dilchhutin idea thar a taka han hman nghal mai pawh a hreh lo va. Chuvangin tih theih loh ang hiala ṭhenkhatin an sawisak te pawh a takin a rawn siamchhuak zel a; thil ṭha tak tak leh ngaihzawnawm tak tak, space exploration te, electric car adt. te a rawn siam chhuak a. Khawvela hausa ber ni tura a zinkawng kaihruaitu pawimawh tak chu thil a chîkna leh a dilchhutna hi a ni. Mutmawh hnar mawha hriatbelh leh zirbelh zel tumna leh duhna kan neih chuan kan chaklohna pawh kan chakna kan nihtir thei tih hriat a pawimawh hle bawk ang. Hriatnaa tui hal tur hian kan Bible ngei pawh hian min lo fuih a. Thungfingte 18:15 Remhre thinlung chuan hriatna a dawng ṭhin a, Mi fing beng chuan hriatna a zawng ṭhin. Ringtute’n kan hriatna leh theihna tipung turin kan Pathian kan dil thei bawk, tih Sam 119:66 aṭangin kan hmu bawk a ni.

A tawp berah chuan midang te chunga ṭhatchhuahna leh tlawmngaihna lantir hi thil te tham te angin lang mah se, ngaihtuahna leh thinlunga a thawh dan erawh a te thei lo reng reng a. Mi nun ngil leh zaidam te nuna bet tel tlat tlawmngaihna/tlawmna lanchhuahna entirna langsar tak mai chu ṭhalai te ngaihzawn rawn, lemchan thiam hmingthang Keanu Reeves hi a ni awm e. Lemchan a thiam em em a, off-screen lamah pawh midang chungah ṭhatchhuahna a lantir nasa a, Charities tan a sum tam tham tak a donate ṭhin bawk a. A thawhpui te pawhin a zaidamna leh ngilneihna hi hahipin an sawi ṭhin. A chanchin ṭha lo lam ziak leh sawina hmuh tur a vang em em a. Kan insawisel leh inrikrapna hmun pui, Mafa’n ‘suamhmang te tawmbuk’ tia a sawi, Internet-ah hian ‘zaidam, ngilnei leh thilphal’ sawifiahna ang hialin ani chu a thang thei tlat mai a, hei hian zaidamna leh tlawmna nunin miteah thu a sawi nasat theih zia a tilang chiang hle a ni.

Awle, Chhelna neih, hriatnaa tuihal te leh tlawmna nun neih te hi kan mimal nun min tihmasawn thei leh kan khawtlang nun thlenga siamṭha thei thalai te’n kan ngaihhlut tur chu a ni a. Harsatna mutân tu pawhin kan nei a, inzir nan leh intihchakna hmanruaa hman thiam a pawimawh a. Hriatna (knowledge) chuan tihdan thar ṭha zawk min kawhhmuh thei a. Tlawmna nun chuan mi a huikhawm a, ngainat leh mite thinlung hnehtu nihna a ni. Malala, Elon Musk leh Reaves te nunkawnga entawn tlak tak tak kan tarlan te hi ṭhalai kan nunkawng kaihruaitu ni se.

Hei hi hre reng ila, chhelna kan tih hian hun harsaa kan tawh laia beih hram hram ringawt a kawk lo va, kan harsatna te inzir nan leh hmasawn nana hman thiam a kawk tel a, harsatna hi hlawhtlinna chance siamtu a ni, tih te hi a fawmkem vek a ni. Hriatthiam leh hriatbelh chakna (Curiosity) hi hmasawnna khalhkaltu ber a ni tih hi hre bawk ila. Bill Gates khan a tet te aṭangin computer a ngai em em a. Hriatbelh leh hriatthiam a chakna chuan Tech Industry a thlak hlawk thei a. Hei vang hian awmze nei taka dilchhut nih a pawimawh a; dai ngai loh dai turin inhuam la, hriatna (knowledge) zawng reng turin ṭhalaite insangmar ila. Ngilneihna leh tlawmna thumal hi tlawm viau mah se thinlung sak ber pawh tinem thei khawpa thiltithei a ni tih theihnghilh lo bawk ila. 

Written exclusively for Model Ṭhalai (KṬP Chanchinbu) by Mawia HL

Unraveling the Complexities of Peace: A Closer Look at the Manipur State

Published on 15th May 2023 on NewsLink

Once upon a time, Manipur was known as the "Land of Jewels" thanks to its stunning beauty and vibrant culture, as celebrated by the great Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. However, over time, the state has become notorious for frequent strikes and protests, earning it the dubious title of the "State of Bandh". The Manipur State spans an area of approximately 22,327 square kilometres, with two distinct terrains dominating its landscape. The central region comprises a flat valley, which only accounts for a mere 10% of the total area, while the remaining 90% is covered by undulating hills and mountains. The valley area is home to five districts, where the Meitei people, belonging to various categories such as General, Other Backward Classes, and Schedule Castes, predominantly follow Hinduism and Islam. In contrast, the 11 districts of the hilly region are inhabited by various ethnic groups, including Nagas, Kukis, Zomis, Hmars, and others, who share a Christian faith and are classified as Schedule Tribes.

According to 2011 census, the population of Manipur State stood at a grand total of 27,21,756 souls. The Meitei people, comprising 60% of the population, resided in the lush valley districts, while the remaining 40% of the population belonged to various hill tribes. Back when Manipur joined the Indian Union in 1949, the Meitei folks were showered with a plethora of perks, while the tribal communities were left to fend for themselves. In 1972, out of the 60 assembly seats, the Meitei snagged a staggering 40 seats, while a measly 20% was granted to the Tribals. To make matters worse, the hill districts were only allocated a paltry 26% for education, 25% for health, 22% for public works, 12% for social welfare, and a minuscule 12% for agriculture from the state budget. This grossly unfair distribution of resources left the hill folks far behind in terms of development, with all the fancy infrastructure concentrated in the valley districts.

Incorporated alongside Nepali and Konkani into the 8^th Schedule, the Meitei language became the subject of a fervent campaign by the Meitei people to have it included as a compulsory subject in all schools. Not stopping there, they pushed to have the Meitei Alphabet (Meitei Majek) replace all other languages on office and shop signboards. This initiative caused consternation among the Nagas in Ukhrul, Tamenglong, Senapati, and Chandel districts, who sought to break away from the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur (BOSEM) and join the Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE). Unfortunately for them, the Manipur government refused to issue a 'No Object Certificate,' leaving their efforts futile.

The Tribal population is dissatisfied with the state's job reservation policy. Despite comprising 37% of the population, their reservation status only stands at 31%. Adding to the complexity, certain members of the Meitei community from Sekmai, Phayeng, Khurkhul, Koutruk, Laimaram, Kwatha, Laimaram Khunou, and Andro are attempting to attain Tribal status, which was previously offered by the Central Government. It is noteworthy that these Meitei already hold SC and OBC status. Therefore, if Meitei individuals in the General Category seek to change their status, they should consider applying for SC or OBC status. The concern is that if Meitei individuals were to be granted Tribal status, it would significantly hinder the prospects of the current Tribal population in obtaining government jobs.

With a massive population and limited space in their valley, the Meitei people sought to expand their territory in secret by taking over land belonging to the local tribes. While chieftainship had been abolished in many parts of India, it still existed in some parts of Manipur, and the Village Authority Act of 1956 protected tribal land. However, the Meitei despised this act and introduced the Manipur Land Revenue and Land Reforms (MLR & LR) Act of 1960, hoping to seize tribal lands for themselves.

In 2015, three bills - the Protection of Manipur Peoples (PMP) Bill, the Manipur Land Revenue & Land Reforms (MLR & LR) 7^th Amendment Bill, and the Manipur Shops and Establishment (MS&E) 2^nd Amendment Bill - were passed by the State Assembly with the main goal of surreptitiously taking over tribal lands. Unsurprisingly, the tribal people fiercely opposed these bills, resulting in the deaths of nine of their own. Despite the Meitei's efforts, the bills ultimately failed.

Since the ascension of Mr. N Biren Singh as Chief Minister, the rift between the Meitei Community and the Tribal has deepened. He has seized the opportunity to lay claim to tribal land by designating certain areas as Forest Reserves, Protected Areas, Wetlands, Sanctuaries, and Parks, making feeble excuses to do so. This has caused great offense to both the Christian community and the Manipur tribals, who were left reeling when, on April 11^th, 2023, JCBs were used to demolish three Christian Churches in the early morning hours.

The BJP-led Chief Minister of the Manipur State, Mr. N Biren Singh has been notorious for branding the tribals as illegal immigrants and poppy cultivators, and has shown a marked bias against them. To make matters worse, the big Meitei media outlet, ISTV, has referred to the tribal language as a "foreign language," further highlighting the extent of the discrimination they face. The situation is appalling.

The peaceful 'Tribal Solidarity March' organized by the All Tribal Students Union (ATSUM) in Manipur on May 3^rd, 2023, was a response to the Manipur Government's actions against them. The Indigenous Tribal Leaders Forum (ITLF) also extended their support to the cause. However, on their way back from the rally, the marchers were confronted by the Meitei Leepun, who not only vandalized the 'Anglo Kuki War Memorial Gate' but also set ablaze nearby villages. This sparked off escalating tensions, with both sides trading accusations. The Meitei's false allegations blaming illegal migrants for the riots were proven baseless, as migrants from Myanmar usually head to Mizoram due to Manipur's strict migrant policies. This triggered the current wave of inter-ethnic riots in the Manipur State, displacing many and claiming lives, with tribals suffering the most, according to several media reports and social media posts.

To restore peace, the central government deployed troops to the affected region, but there have been reports and viral videos on social media that suggest these troops are helping the Meitei faction. In one such video, young Meitei individuals were seen burning the Indian national flag. With Christian churches, structures and buildings being the primary targets of these disturbances, it raises concerns over the BJP's ambition to establish a Hindu state in the country. The people of Northeast India have been grappling with numerous challenges since the BJP-led party's ascent in certain states of the Northeast.

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION UAR ANG U

 

Published on Vanglaini 3 May 2023

Vocational Education (VE) chungchang leh a pawimawhna hi ram changkang leh hmasawnna lama thang mek ram te-ah enge a dinhmun tiin Mr Google kan keu ve a, ziak a lo tam hle mai a. Chutihrualin Zotawnga ziak chhiar tur erawh a tam lem lo viau a. Ngaih pawimawhna chang hre turin kan la changkang tawk lo emaw a hlutna kan la hrethiam tawk lo deuh te pawh a ni mah na le. Mahni tawn hriat leh educational institution lian te thuziak rawn chung leh miin eng ang takin nge an kalpui tih te thlir chungin VE chungchang tlem kan thailang ve dawn a ni.

Vocational Education hi sawifiah dan mawlmang berah chuan hriatna (knowledge) leh thiamna (skills) nena thawh ngai thawh dan inzirtirna; chhawr tlaka hna leh eizawnna hnathawh dan inzirtirna tiin a sawi theih bawk ang. Ram industry hmasawnnain thawhtur a neih mila kut themthiam inzirtirna; a thu ringawt ni lo, kut leh ke leh hriatna hmanga hlawk leh tha zawka thawh ngai te thawk thei tura inzirtirna a ni. Hun vawn dik dan te, midang nena thawhho dan te, midang biangbiak leh kawm thiamna te, mahni invawn thianghlimna te leh kan thawh tur kaihnawiha hriat ngai te inzirtirna thlengin VE hian huam vek a ni.

Khawvela mihring tam uchuakna rama cheng kan ni a. A tam zawk hi thawh tur hre lo, mahni theihna zawng pawh hre fumfe lo kan ni a; kut themthiamna lam (VE) aia zirna pangai (General Education) uarna hmuna cheng kan ni miau a. Chhawrtlak tak tak si loh BA, MA, B.Tech., etc. hna nei lo pawh kum tinin kan pung thur thur zel a. Thawk thei tura ngaih leh thawk thiam te inkar khi a zau em em mai a ni. Mihring chhawrtlak kan tlem miau chuan ram hmasawnna pawhin a tuar lo thei lo va. Thawk thei ngawr ngawr aiin thawk thiam hian an thawk chak zawk a. Mihring kan pung chak si a, zir sang chhawr tlak loh tam thur thur ai chuan thawk thiam leh thei tam hi a pawimawh a ni tih hriain Buai hma daih 1952 khan thawk thei leh thawk thiam nghal tura inzirtirna VE hi sorkar laipui chuan NCVT (National Council of Vocational Training) tiin a lokal pui tan tawh a. 1959-a NVTS (National Vocational Training Scheme) te, 1976-a DGET (Directorate General of Employment Training) te, 1986-a Vocationalisation of Secondary Education (VSE) te leh 2013-a National Skill Development Mission te hi an lokal pui tawh a. A thil tum ber chu industry hrang hranga chhawrtlak tura zirtirna pek te, thawk thei tura ngaih leh thawk thiam tak tak te inkar zau lutuk tih zim te, mi hnuaihnung zawk te chawikan, entrepreneurship lam uar tura inzirtir leh ram hmasawn nana thawhchhuah tam zawk mimal tinin kan neih theihna tura VE hmanga hmalak te a ni.

VE hi ram changkang chho ve bek bek aiin ram changkang tawh (developed countries)ah an kalpui nasa zawk a. A chhan pawh hnathawk thei tura ngaih (BA, MA satliah) aiin thawk thiam mamawhna a sang zawk tlat a ni. A thawk thiamin an thawh chuan thawhchhuah a tam nge nge tih hi an hrechiang em em mai a ni. Ramchang kang tawha kan ngaih thenkhata Vocational Education enrollment percentage tlem lo tarlang ve ila. USA-ah khuan chawhrualin General Education enrollment 70% niin 30% VE enrollment an tling a, Japan-ah 35% VE Enrollment, UK-ah 28%, Germany-ah 52%, South Korea-ah 45%, France-ah 33%, Switzerland-ah 70% a ni. Hmasawnna lama kan el em em China chuan 58% ngawt VE enrollment a neih laiin keini India 3.3% lek VE enrollment kan nei a ni. Vocational Institution ngah lamah pawh China hi kan khan lo hle a, 27,000 ngawt an neih laiin keini chuan China neih zahve pel awrhin 14,648 vel kan nei a ni.

Hmasawnna thang duang tur chuan sawt taka hnathawk thei leh thawk thiam tam hi a pawimawh em em mai a. Thawk thiam leh thei tura kan inchherna pawimawh ber chu VE hi a ni. Retheihna tihtlemna hmanrua, hna hmu lo (unemployed) leh chhawrtlak loh (underemployed) kan tihtlemna hmanrua ber chu VE hi a ni a. VE pawimawhna nasa taka vawrh lartu Padma Shri Dr. Koshy chuan VE kan ngaih pawimawh hunah chauh Zirna quality kan siamtha thei ang tiin a sawi a. Indian Scientist lar Dr. R.A. Mashelkar pawh khan thil thar hmuchhuak thei tur leh ram hmasawntir thei tur chuan VE kan uar a pawimawh thu a lo sawi bawk a. Biocon hotu, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw te, Anand Mahindra te leh Dr. K.K. Narayanan te hi India rama VE pawimawhna chungchanga thawm lian tak tak nei te an ni bawk. Billionare entrepreneur hlawhtling Elon Musk hi VE pawimawhna uar taka sawi thintu a ni a.  Kum 2017-a Rolling Magazine-in an interview khan ‘electricians, mechanics, welders, machinists kan tam tawk lo va, indopui pahnihna hnu lawka piang te an kut a chawl tan tawh a. Hnathawk thiam (skilled labours) indaihlohna US leh Europe-ah a nasa chho hle a, General Education-a college kal kher hi a tulna a awm lo va, Vocational Schools tam zawk kan neih a pawimawh hle a ni,’ tiin a sawi a. A sawi mai duh tawk lovin Musk Foundation kal tlangin Vocational Education hi a kalpui bawk a ni. Khawvel huapa pa hausa leh lar bawk Facebook neitupa Mark Zuckerberg te, Microsoft founder Bill Gates te pawh hian VE pawimawhzia hi an lo auchhuahpui fo tawh a. Sum pawh tam tham tak an invest bawk a ni. Apple Co-founder Steve Job kha college kal tluan lo (drop-out) a ni a. A mimal tui zawng tak calligraphy trade (VE) a zir avanga Macintosh Computer a design chhuah thu leh a hnua product design thlenga influence tu a nih thu uar takin 2005 khan Stanford University zirlai te hmaah a lo sawi a ni. Mihring hmantlak inchher nana khawvel huapa mi ngaihsanawm leh hlawhtling tak tak te pawhina an tuipui leh pawimawh an tih chu VE hi a ni tih kan hrethiam mai awm e.

Kan VE institution leh VE zirtirna kalpuina tam zawk te a nih tur angin kan kalpui lo nasa hle a. Chhan hrang hrang a awm thei ang. General Education kan ngai ropui lutuk te, sorkar hna lâk leh mimal hna lakah General Education degree lam kan la awn nasat vang te, General Education nena VE kan kalkawp tir thiam loh vang te, VE kalpui nana tul facility leh infrastructre hrang hrang te kan ngaih pawimawh tawk loh vang leh tlakchham vang te, General Education anga kalpui a nih chiah loh vang te, Fund duh khawp hmuh loh vang te etc. a ni thei ang.

VE hi a tam zawk chuan chhehchhawl (second class option) ang deuhvin kan hmu tlat mai bawk a. Hei vang hian a zirtu tur zirlai rilruah chhawrtlaka inchherchhuahna tha tak a nihna kan hmuh kan tir tlat a ni. General Education kan lak vung em avangin a pawimawhna hi kan hmuh kan fo a ni. Hei hi sorkar laipui pawhin a hriatchian em avangin National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) kal tlangin campaign hrang hrang Skill India Campaign tih te pawh an kalpui fo reng a. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) tih te, National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) te, Skill Loan Scheme te, Sector Skill Councils, etc. kalpui a ni a. Heng campaign hrang hrang te hi a tam zawk chuan a awm tih pawh kan hre lo mai thei. Kan ngaihsak lo hle tih hi a dik a. Germany Education ang deuh khuan Dual Education System angin kalpui ni ta se, a sawt zawk mai thei.

Quality taka VE kalpui tur chuan facility leh infrastructure ṭha neih a pawimawh em em a. Hemi atan hian Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship lam pawhin nasa takin hma an la teh meuh mai a. Maherawh chu hetiang lam chawilarna a tam tawk loh vang te, a nihna tur taka fund kan hmuh ang ang te hman kan la harsat avang tein hmasawnna langsar hmuh tur a tlem hle a. A thawktu lamah pawh a tui tak zet te hian enkawl ta se, Workshop leh Lab lamah pawh hmasawn zawka kal theih dan hi a awm em emin a rinawm a. State sorkar ang pawhin Industry linkage, Government linkage mumal taka ngaihtuah theih ni se tun ai hian kan sawt pui zawkin a rinawm a. VE Trade leh Syllabus tha tak tak Central lamin an duan te hi kan state chhunga mimal leh sorkar hna awm hrang hrang ngaihtuah chungin thuneitute hian thlang chhuakin a zirtirtu tur lamah pawh zir sang satliah ringawt lo deuh, tawnhriat nei leh thiam, tui tak tak te hi thlanchhuah an harsat a rinawm loh va, a hna leh hlawh pawh hi tun aia stable leh chhungkaw nghahfak tling zawk turin ruahmanna siam thei se, a duhawm hle ang.

Zoram People's Movement Party (ZPM)

The Zoram People's Movement (ZPM) has emerged as a unique political party through the integration of established parties and the inclusion of members from a diverse range of backgrounds, including business, entertainment, sports, academia, and literature.

Unfortunately, some members of the ZPM may exhibit similar characteristics to previous politicians who prioritize their personal connections in government projects and contracts, resulting in a wastage of development funds and unfulfilled promises. Additionally, some members may resort to employing mavericks to spread misinformation on social media, offering small and inconsequential contracts to individuals, or distributing free money, such as giving money for buying meats for Sunday morning meals, in an attempt to secure votes. This is concerning as it may indicate a lack of interest in genuine development and may perpetuate corruption and nepotism.

In the current political climate, there have been few notable achievements by the ruling parties, with numerous accusations of project mismanagement, corruption, and nepotism. Criticism of the ruling parties is commonplace, with party members often becoming affluent immediately after their election. If the ZPM were to be elected, they would face an arduous task of rebuilding public trust and increasing government transparency. This would be particularly challenging as corruption and nepotism are entrenched in society, and individuals have already chosen their political affiliations. Only a handful of individuals remain impartial and base their voting decisions on the accomplishments of the nominated candidates.

EDU DOMAIN ṬANGKAINA

 

THUHMA

Internet khawvelah kan awm ve a ni tih lantirna tha ber chu internet khawvela hming neih ve hi a ni. Mihring hming nena a danglamna chu kan thiltih leh thawh azirin kan hminga tel ngei ngei tur hminga bet tel hnam hming ang deuh kan neihtel vek a ngai a, chutiang chu a sapṭawng chuan top-level domain tiin an sawi mai thin a.  Sumdawnna lam khawih te chuan .com (dot com) an hmang tlang pui a, entirnân amazon.com te hi a hming chu amazon a ni a, a hnam hming ang reng deuh chu .com a ni. Non-profit organisation te chuan .org (dot org) an hmang a. Tin a ram ang zawng pawhin top-level domain hi a awm a, entirnan USA-a chengte chuan .us tih an hmang a, India rama mi te chuan .in kan hmang a. Australia lam te chuan .au, adt. Zirna in lama hman atan .edu, .ac, .res a awm a. Hun a kal zela Internet pianna hmunpui US lam khuan .edu leh .ac top-level domain te hi anmahni ram chhunga accreditted institute te chauh hman theih turin an hauh (reserved) a. Chuvangin India ram aṭang chuan hman ve kan duh a nih pawhin .edu.in tiin thui deuh hlekin kan ram domain .in telin kan hman a lo ṭul ta a ni. (He thuziak hi internet techie te tana ziak a nih loh avangin engkim hi hriatnuam turin ka thlep kual vel a ni. Technically chuan valid loh deuhna mi naran tana hriat nuam deuh tur ni siin kan ziak a ni ber.)

INTERNET KHAWVELA INLUAH

A chunga kan tarlan ang hian Domain eng pawh leiin Internetah hming kan lo nei thei a. Mahse hming ringawt neiin Internetah kan awm ringawt a, chenna in erawh kan la nei lo. Internetah hian chenna in luah hawh tur hi a maka maka tam, man tlawm leh to deuh pawh a tam em em mai a. Chenna in kan neih chiah khan kan hming hi kan veng leh address chu a lo dawn ta a ni. Website te kan dah thei a, email leh thil dang dang software dah leh install nan kan hmang thei dawn bawk a ni.  Heta chenna in luah hawh theih te hi Server (Rawngbawltu tihna lam a ni lo. Computer chak bik interneta website te phochhuaktu tihna) tiin an sawi a. Kan luah hawh khan thil tam tak min tihsak tel a, internetah min phochhuak a, chu chu Hosting tiin an sawi leh a ni. Email service lam dah nan bika siam te chu Email Hosting tiin an sawi leh a ni.

Mi tu emaw in ‘website ka nei’ a tih chuan Internet-ah server thlatin man chawiin a hawh tihna a ni. Luah man hi a thla bi kher lovin prepaid-in kum 1/2/3 leh a aia tam pawh an pe lawk thei a, hei hi tihdan tlangpui pawh a ni. 

Kan sawi tawh ang khan In luah tur chi hrang hrang a awm a. A lar zual deuh te chu: Shared Server, VPS Server, Dedicated Server te an ni a.  Shared server kan luah hawh chuan Building lianpuia apartment pakhat luah ang vel kan ni a, VPS ah chuan floor khat luah ang vel kan ni leh a, dedicated server ah thung chuan In pakhat luah ang kan ni thung. Chuvangin Dedidcated Server luah man hi a to bik hle bawk a ni. Heng server luah hawh theih zawng zawngah hian hmanrua chi hrang hrang an dahsa tlangpui a. A changkang leh deuhah chuan heng server kan luahhawh theih te hi server pakhat chauh ni si khan hmun hrang hrangah a leitu hnaih deuhah te a khawl hi an hung a. Khawl pakhat a chhiat pawhin hmun hla zawka mi khawl hmanga chawm theih turin kan server an thlunzawm vek a. Khawl lianpui pakhatah server tam tak software hmangin an remkhawm a, pakhat a that loh pawhin pakhatin a chhawk thei a, chutiang chu cloud server tiin hming pawh an phuahhran nghe nghe a ni. VPS/Dedicated Server kan lei chuan mahni duh danin kan server luah chu a chhungah room kan siam belh leh zel thei a ni.

Kan thupui lamah lo let leh tawh ila. A tir lama kan tarlan zeuh tawh ang khian top-level domain .edu hi US tih loh ram dang tan neih a rem ve tawh lo va. Chuvangin accreditted institution te hman tura hauh bik .edu.in hi India ram institution te chuan kan hmang ve thei a ni. He domain hi sorkarin mi na zawng neih a remti lo va, nei tur chuan sorkar approved/affiliated institute nih a ngai a ni.

Khawvel puma hman theih .edu.in, .ac.in, .res.in domain pe chhuak theitu India sorkar chuan Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India hnuaiah Scientific Society, the National Research & Education Network a din a ni. Anni hian a khat tawkin domain hawh man leh registration kalphung leh document ngai te an siamtha ve reng a ni. Domain kan sawite pechhuak theitu awm chhin an ni bawk.

Educational Domain neih pawimawhna leh ṭangkaina

.edu.in domain ṭangkaina leh ṭhatna zawng zawng ziah sen rual loh ziah tur a awm ngei ang. Mahse chhiar ninawm lo thei ang ber turin a point te te-in tarlan kan tum nge.

1.      Search Engine: Internet (Google)-ah nitin zirlai, researcher, mi naran, vantlang leh u Vanchheuva te chenin smartphone hmangin chhiar tur, ngaihthlak tur, thlir tur kan zawng ṭhin a. Search Engine siamtu (Google te ang) lam hian internet-a site hrang hrang thuziak, video, thlalak (content) te uluk taka thlifim(filter)-in kan thilzawn (search result) min chhawpchhuahsak a. Chutianga content a zawnna lamah chuan site ṭhenkhat .edu domain te hi zirna in lian leh research institute te chauh hman theih a nih bawk avangin an content te ṭha bik leh rintlak bik tehnaah a buk a tirit bik hle a. Tin zawn zin bik a nih phei chuan Search ranking (miin an zawn apianga lang hmasa bik)-ah a chhawpchhuak sang bik hle ṭhin bawk a ni. Chumi awmzia chu Internet khawvelah tlar hma lam kan hnaih bik theihna a ni tihna a nih chu. Edu domain hmanga website address kan neih chuan kan zirlaite’n ruahthamloh article ṭha tak tak ziak se, internet khawvel chhiar a hlawh bik thei dawn tihna a ni tel bawk. Govt. of India verified domains zing-ah kan tel ve miau a.

2.      Educational Email: .edu.in domain kan neih chuan educational email kan hosting a zirin duh zat zat kan nei thei dawn tihna a ni. .edu email hi vai ho chuan inlak lu len nân an hmang hle. A hnuai lama point hrang hrang kan tarlan te hi edu email hmanga kan neih (avail) theih te an ni.

3.      DropBox space: Drop Box-ah chuan email(e.g. gmail) satliaha kan in register chuan 2GB space a free-in kan nei thei a. .edu.in email kan hman chuan 4GB kan nei thei ang. Referal kan hman tel phei chuan 8GB thleng free space kan nei thei.

4.      Discount on Microsoft Products: Microsoft hian product leh service chi hrang 101 lai an nei a. .edu.in email nei chin chuan discount price-in kan lei thei a ni. A then phei chu a free leh nghalin.

5.      Office 365: Office 365 Education hi Microsoft office suite version thar ber a ni a. Word, Excel, Powerpoint, OneNote, Microsoft Team (Zoom ang deuh) leh classroom tools te man chawi lo (free) in edu email kan neih chuan kan hmang thei.

6.      Github: Software Developer ni ve lem lo tan chuan a ṭangkai em em lo va. Mah erawh chu unlimited space a neih avangin thuziak or digital data vawn ṭhat nân a ṭha em em a, Public vek a ni thung a. Private account nei tur chuan subcription lei a ngai ve a. .edu email kan neih chuan private account panga vel a neih theih a ni. Github hi software developer te chuan software versioning enkawl nân leh project khawih nana an hman lian ber a ni a. Microsoft company ta a ni.

7.      Content reliability: .edu domain content reng reng chu khawvel huapa rintlak leh thu lakchhawnna tlaka ngaih a ni.

8.      Not for everyone: edu domain hi mi zawng zawng neih theih a nih ngawt lo. Accredited institutions te chauh neih theih a ni bawk.

9.      Autodesk: A man zat chhiar inthlahrunawm khawpa man to leh ṭha Architect software ropui hi edu mail nei te chuan a thlawnin an hmang thei tlat mai. Well Done, Autodesk.

10.  Adobe Creative Cloud for Education: Khawvel huapa educational software leh product dang hrim hrim pawh a quality ber ber siamchhuaktu, Mizo te pawhina kan hman addict em em, pagemaker te, photoshop te siamtu an ni a, products chi hrang 56 lai neiin edu mail nei te tan chuan 60% discount-in kan lei thei bik dawn a ni.

11.  JetBrains: Khawvela developer te thian tha ber chu software code-na IDE leh package tools te hi an ni a, chutiang siamtu ṭha lawr bik zinga mi an ni. Academic Licensing hran neiin zirlai leh zirtirtu edu email neitu tan chuan a thlawn vekin an product hi a hman theih a ni.

12.  Microsoft Azure: chibai Microsoft ti leh phawt teh ang. He platform hian zirlai leh zirtirtu, institution tan product chi hrang 200 lai mai a chhawpchhuak rup mai a. edu email nei tan a thlawnin resources tam tak hman tur storage/product, etc. a awm a. Chumai chu an la duh tawk lo a ni ang $100 tluka hlu credit an dahtel bakah Microsoft-ah internship opportunity an la siamsak zui.

13.  Designing lam tui tan: Design tui tan Canva Pro hi hman nuam leh tha em em a ni a. Designa hman tur image, icons, fonts leh template chhiarsenloh tlawhmukruh zet a nei a. 100GB cloud storage a keng tel bawk a. GitHub Student developer nen linkin a thlawnin a hman theih.

14.  LucidChart: a free version kan lo khalh ve zeuh tawh Charting tool bawnra lutuk pawh hi a free-in edu email hmangin kan hmang thei.

15.  Amazon Prime: Sumsen ngai lo va Amazon Prime thlaruk chhung hman theihna email chu edu email hi a ni e.

16.  Evernote premium: Tinreng bu an tih mai thin hi 50% discount-in edu email hmang a lei ve theih.

17.  Squarespace: website, blog, portfolio site neih ve hrim hrim duh dan 50% discount-in edu mail hmangin hetah hian a neih theih. wiz.com ah pawh hetiang offer hi a awm ve bawk.

18.  Spotify: he streaming service hi kei chuan eng teh ualah kan ngai hran lo va, mahse a tuipui te chuan an addict ve thei viau mai a. edu mail hmangin 50% discount-in a lei ve theih.

19.  Youtube Premium: Kumin hian kan hriat angin youtube chuan premium version hi an launch a. edu mail hmangin discount-in a lei theih. Ads awm lova han stream pur pur theih chu chakawm ve fu.

20.  Ableton: Music lamn software siam te chuan edu mail tan 40% lawih an discount ve thei. Ngaihnep ngawt chi a ni lo. A product hi music tui te tan chuan turu rem rem tak a ni.

21.  Lenovo: Smartphones leh laptop discount-in a lei theih a. EMI interest awm lovin edu mail nei tan a lak theih bawk.

22.  HP: HP pawhin printers, accessories leh monitor bikah edu mail nei tan 50% discount an pe ve tlat mai.

23.  Samsung: Samsung product zawng zawng 10% discount a awm vek a. Smartphones, laptops, tablets leh accessories dangah 40% discount-in edu mail nei te chuan kan lei thei.

24.  Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals (G-Suite for education) hi edu domain nei te chuan a free-in kan hmang thei a ni. A feature tlangpui chu Docs, Slides, Sheets, Drive, Forms, jamboard, Classroom, Assignments, Gmail, meet, chat, keep, calendar, task, etc. Hengte hi a mal te te pawhin an chanchin ziah tham veka pui an ni.

25.  MindSumo: Thluak tha te tual lenna an tih mai.  Idea sharena hmunpui hi tun hma chuan man chawi a ngai ve a. Edu domain nei te chuan a thlawnin an hmang a. Tunah chuan a free ta vek law law...hehe

26.  Riptiger: Eng site atang pawhin video download theihna a ni a, edu mail hmangin a thlawnin kan nei thei.

27.  RoboForm Everywhere: Password hi tunlai khawvelah chuan kan ngah chho mawlh mawlh hlawm hle mai a, a enkawlna lam te hi neih that a pawimawh hle a. Edu mail nei te chuan he online tool hi a rthlawnin kumkhat chhung kan hmang thei.

28.  Grammarly Education: English-a thuziah tuite tan thian tha ber mai hi a thlawnin edu domain hmangin neih theih a ni.

29.  Unlimited Google drive Space: he thil zet hi chu a awhawm kher mai. edu mail nei te chuan unlimited space kan nei dawn tihna. Kan hriat theuh angin a free chin chu 15GB a ni a. Kum 2014 atang daih tawhin he thil hi an kalpui tawh a ni.

30.  Zoom Premium: Zoom 40 Minutes limitation hi edu mail hmanga kan in register chuan unlimited time a ni thung ang.

31.  Apple: Apple company pawhin edu email nei zirlaite tan discount an nei bawk.

32.  Dell: Dell pawhin nasa takin discount an pe bawk a ni.

33.  Acer: Acer company pawhin discount range hrang hrang an nei bawk.

34.  Malab: mathematics lam tuite thian matlab te hi kum khat hman man pawh India pawisa chuan nuai chuang fe a ni a. Indian Rupee 3000 vel bawr chauh chawiin a hman theih a ni.

35.  Yenka: Maths, ICT leh Science Lab software tha chungchuang tak siamchhuaktu an ni a, zirlai leh zirtirtu tan an product hi a thlawnin a hman theih a ni.

36.  Pixlr: Educators leh student te tan a free.

37.  Jotform: Research & survey tihna hmanraw ṭha tak hi kum khat tan edu mail zarah educator leh student te’n a thlawnin an hmang thei.

Kan sawi seng tak tak dawn lo. Khawvela company lian zawng zawng deuh thaw hian Zirlai (student) leh zirtirtu (educator) te hi min duat em em mai a, zirna lam (Education & Research) tan an thil siam product/services eng emaw tal/chin hi an hlan (sacrifice) ve a. Kan lo chhawrbawk ve theihna hmanraw pawimawh tak chu edu domain neih hi a ni. Institution ṭha tehnaah pawh credit ngah tak a ni tel a. Heti khawpa pawimawh ta chu dan phal loh ni mahse a ruka edu mail hralh chhawng pawh internet khawvelah hian an awm ve nual a. Entirnan freelance project fiverr.com-ah te pawh hian lei tur a awm hial mai.

Edu domain neih hi maktaduai tela sum kal ral tur khekna (safe-na) a nih avangin Sorkar Approved/Affiliated institute te tân chuan neih ve ngei hi tihmakmawh leh ṭul tak a ni. Quality education kan sawi fo va, zirtirtu ṭha an pawimawh rualin hmanraw tha kan mamawh em em bawk a, hemi lama kan sum leh theihna kan hlan (invest) hi a ṭul tak zet a, kan institution chawilarna leh khawvela kan dahchhuah ve theihna tukverh pawimawh tak a ni bawk.

If you're big headed, you can also use it to further inflate your ego.